The different kinds of architecture are as follows -
The Victorian Era (mid to late 19th Century) marks a return of architectural styles like Gothic Revival, Tudor, and Romanesque. It also comprises influences from Asia and also the Middle East. During the industrial revolution, many houses were built in the Victorian style. Key features of this style include ‘Dollhouse’ effect with detailed trim, sash windows, bay windows, asymmetrical shape, imposing 2-3 stories, a steep Mansard roof, wrap-around porches along with bright colors. You can see the architectural style in many of the homes in the UK, the US, and Australia.
Starting in the Middle East in the 7th-century Islamic architecture diversifies greatly depending on the area such as Persia North Africa and Spain. A Mosque is the greatest example of Islamic styles that includes pointed arches, domes and also courtyards. The decoration on flat surfaces usually takes priority as the Koran prohibits three-dimensional representations. Key features of this architectural style include the horseshoe arch, geometric designs, along with more focus on the included spaces and interior preferably than the exterior, perforated screens. You can witness his style in Hui Mosque in China.
Tudor architecture is the concluding style from the medieval period in England between the period 1400s-1600. While the Tudor Arch or the Four-Centred Arch is the characteristic feature, the majority of the people would remember the timber-framed houses of the Tudor era. Key features of this type of architecture include thatched roof, masonry chimneys, casement windows (diamond-shaped glass panels with lead castings), elaborate doorways. You can see it Anne Hathaway’s cottage, Warwickshire and also in England.
Also known as Norman Architecture, this architectural style it developed across Europe in the late 10th Century. The most famous feature of this style is the rounded arch, which is usually found in the Roman-style churches and is considered as the principal survivors of this period. Key features of this style include rounded arches, stylized floral and foliage stone decorations, repetitive rows of round-headed arches, and cable frames around doors in a style of twisted rope. You can witness this style in Porto Cathedral in Portugal.
Beginning in the late 16th century in Italy, Baroque was a variation from the formal Romanesque style. It was more emotive, ‘showy’ and also aimed to attract to the senses. As an integral part of the Counter-Reformation, this style of architecture is an attempt to celebrate the Catholic state. Key features of this style include broken pediments, ‘broken’ at their apex, often with a cresting ornament that is placed in the center, elegant ornamentation, paired columns along with convex and concave walls. You can witness this style in the Palace of Versailles.
Usually, an art school in Germany during the early period of the 1900s. The Bauhaus movement held this idea that all art and technology would be unified under the idea of simplistic design and mass-production. Rejecting decorative details the designs favors functional aspects.
Flat roofs and cubic shapes are the keys to this style of architecture. The Bauhaus principles of cubic shapes and angles are visible in the modernist design clearly. A key feature of this style includes cubic shapes, along with colors like red, blue and yellow, open floor plans, steel frames, flat roofs, glass curtain walls. You can see this style in Dessau, Germany.
Neo-classicism style developed in the mid 18th Century. This aimed to bring back dignity and beauty to architecture. The inspiration derived from the classic styles of ancient Greek, Roman buildings and design. Simplicity and symmetry were the core values of this style. Key features of this style include the beauty of scale, excessive use of columns, blank walls, large buildings, clean lines, and free-standing columns. You can see this style in Casino Marino, in Malahide.
Emerging in the mid 12th Century, Gothic architecture acquired flourishes and features from previous styles and combined them all together. A bit more decorative than the classical styles- the walls were thinner, columns more slender, windows decorated with stained glass and designed so to draw the eye upwards.
Key features of this style include height and beauty, pointed arches, vaulted ceilings along with light and airy buildings.
You can witness this style in Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris.
Inspired by classical styles, the Renaissance style emerged in Italy during the 15th Century and was distinguished by harmony, simplicity, and strength. The designs were meant to exhibit the elegance and also ideals of domestic life. The clues were taken from the Roman ruins. Key features of this style include square buildings, classical motifs, flat ceilings, arches and domes, enclosed courtyards, Roman-type columns and arcades of vaulted bays. You can see this style in St Peter’s Basilica, Rome.
Modernism is a cover term provided to a movement at the beginning of the 20th Century and ]this can also include styles like Futurism, post-modern and also new classical. The architectural were meant to be free of unnecessary detail, and the focus was on simplicity. There is a good display of the materials used rather than concealing them.
Key features of this style include lack of the decorative, use of modern materials, low buildings, use of sun and shading for human comfort, interaction with interior and exterior spaces along with the use of glass and natural light. You can witness this style in the Guggenheim Gallery in New York.
